TERMINALS AND PORTS
In a two-terminal network, the terminal voltage is related to the terminal current by the impedance Z=V/I. In a four-terminal network, if each terminal pair (or port) is connected separately to another circuit as in Fig. 1, the four variables i1, i2, vl, and v2 are related by two equations called the terminal characteristics. These two equations, plus the terminal characteristics of the connected circuits, provide the necessary and sufficient number of equations to solve for the four variables.
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